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a golden ringed dragonfly (Oni-yanma in Japanese) photo by FoYo |
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| a golden ringed dragonfly (Oni-yanma in Japanese) photo by FoYo |
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| a banded darter dragonfly (Miyama-akane in Japanese) photo by FoYo |
It may not be an appropriate question in this beauty excitement, but ...
Is it possible to artificially generate such a delicate and beautiful wing structure?
For example, a research team at Harvard University has created a mathematical model that can reproduce the wing structure with few parameters based on a geometric analysis using a database of insect wings patterns [1]. They show the result of generating a pattern of spreading from a thick primary vein to a thin secondary vein. I think they are quite successful, but there are also subtle differences between real wings and simulated wings.
There are also reports of observing the structure of dragonfly wings precisely with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) or Computed Tomography (CT). Reference [2] shows the observation result by SEM. Since SEM has a deep depth of focus, clear images can be obtained that are in focus throughout. We are impressed by the clear images deep in the wing structure. On the other hand, reference [3] provides precise 3D images by CT scan. You can rotate and zoom freely over 360 degrees to see in detail up to the back of the wings. You can clearly see that the wings are not flat but are intricately raised.
In addition, there is another related study. Beautiful shape and structure should lead to high functionality. There is a report that created a very small machine called BionicOpter (like a kind of drone) that looks exactly like a dragonfly [4]. The actual flight video is also available. Compared to a real dragonfly, although it is somewhat inferior in smoothness, the demonstration of flying with four wings resembling a dragonfly is extremely wonderful!
Is it possible to artificially generate such a delicate and beautiful wing structure?
For example, a research team at Harvard University has created a mathematical model that can reproduce the wing structure with few parameters based on a geometric analysis using a database of insect wings patterns [1]. They show the result of generating a pattern of spreading from a thick primary vein to a thin secondary vein. I think they are quite successful, but there are also subtle differences between real wings and simulated wings.
There are also reports of observing the structure of dragonfly wings precisely with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) or Computed Tomography (CT). Reference [2] shows the observation result by SEM. Since SEM has a deep depth of focus, clear images can be obtained that are in focus throughout. We are impressed by the clear images deep in the wing structure. On the other hand, reference [3] provides precise 3D images by CT scan. You can rotate and zoom freely over 360 degrees to see in detail up to the back of the wings. You can clearly see that the wings are not flat but are intricately raised.
In addition, there is another related study. Beautiful shape and structure should lead to high functionality. There is a report that created a very small machine called BionicOpter (like a kind of drone) that looks exactly like a dragonfly [4]. The actual flight video is also available. Compared to a real dragonfly, although it is somewhat inferior in smoothness, the demonstration of flying with four wings resembling a dragonfly is extremely wonderful!
References
[1] Jordan Hoffmann, Seth Donoughe, Kathy Li, Mary K. Salcedo, and Chris H. Rycroft: A simple developmental model recapitulates complex insect wing venation patterns, PNAS October 2, 2018 115 (40) 9905-9910; first published September 17, 2018
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721248115
[2] Dragonfly has a clever mechanism (in Japanese)
http://www.technex.co.jp/tinycafe/discovery67.html
[3] Golden ringed dragonfly (Oniyanma) CT scan images
https://ctseibutsu.jp/ex/sieboldsdragonfly.html
[4] BionicOpter Inspired by dragonfly flight
https://www.festo.com/group/en/cms/10224.htm
[2] Dragonfly has a clever mechanism (in Japanese)
http://www.technex.co.jp/tinycafe/discovery67.html
[3] Golden ringed dragonfly (Oniyanma) CT scan images
https://ctseibutsu.jp/ex/sieboldsdragonfly.html
[4] BionicOpter Inspired by dragonfly flight
https://www.festo.com/group/en/cms/10224.htm
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